伊朗研究人员在26日出版的《英国医学杂志》上报告说，常喝水温超过65摄氏度的热茶会显著增加患食管鳞状细胞癌的风险，因此人们沏茶后应稍等片刻再饮。

    伊朗北部戈莱斯坦省是世界上食管鳞状细胞癌发病率最高的地区之一，且男女患病几率相当，但这里居民吸烟和喝酒的比例并不高，只是喝茶相当普遍。鉴此，德黑兰医科大学一个研究小组着手调查饮茶习惯与食管鳞状细胞癌发病间的关系。

    研究人员调查了300名食管鳞状细胞癌患者和571名健康人，这些人都有每天喝红茶的习惯，且平均每人每天喝1升以上。结果发现，与那些喝65摄氏度以下茶水的人相比，习惯喝65摄氏度以上热茶者罹患食管鳞状细胞癌的风险加倍，如果经常喝70摄氏度以上的热茶，患食管鳞状细胞癌的风险甚至高达8倍。

    研究人员因此建议人们用热水沏好茶后，务必等几分钟再喝。这次调查就发现，与那些至少等4分钟后再喝的人相比，那些沏好茶就喝的人患食管鳞状细胞癌的风险高4倍。

    在同期发表的一篇评论文章中，澳大利亚昆士兰医学研究院专家戴维·惠特曼强调说，这一研究结果是提醒人们沏上热茶后“稍等片刻”。他认为，这一结果也为“热损伤可能引发上皮癌症”的观点提供了佐证，但接下来还需要进一步研究过热饮食引发肿瘤生长的具体机制。

Tea drinking habits and oesophageal cancer in a high risk area in northern Iran: population based case-control study

 

Abstract

Objective To investigate the association between tea drinking habits in Golestan province, northern Iran, and risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Design Population based case-control study. In addition, patterns of tea drinking and temperature at which tea was drunk were measured among healthy participants in a cohort study.

Setting Golestan province, northern Iran, an area with a high incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Participants 300 histologically proved cases of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 571 matched neighbourhood controls in the case-control study and 48 582 participants in the cohort study.

Main outcome measure Odds ratio of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with drinking hot tea.

Results Nearly all (98%) of the cohort participants drank black tea regularly, with a mean volume consumed of over one litre a day. 39.0% of participants drank their tea at temperatures less than 60°C, 38.9% at 60-64°C, and 22.0% at 65°C or higher. A moderate agreement was found between reported tea drinking temperature and actual temperature measurements (weighted 0.49). The results of the case-control study showed that compared with drinking lukewarm or warm tea, drinking hot tea (odds ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 3.35) or very hot tea (8.16, 3.93 to 16.9) was associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer. Likewise, compared with drinking tea four or more minutes after being poured, drinking tea 2-3 minutes after pouring (2.49, 1.62 to 3.83) or less than two minutes after pouring (5.41, 2.63 to 11.1) was associated with a significantly increased risk. A strong agreement was found between responses to the questions on temperature at which tea was drunk and interval from tea being poured to being drunk (weighted 0.68).

Conclusion Drinking hot tea, a habit common in Golestan province, was strongly associated with a higher risk of oesophageal cancer.

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